362: Emperor Julianus of Constantinople ends education laws

626: Avaren/Slaves under khagan Bajan begin siege of Constantinople

904: Thessalonica is sacked by Saracen pirates led by renegade Leo of Tripoli

1014: Battle of Strumitsa-valley: Byzantine destroys Bulgarian armies

1221: Emperor Go-Horikawa aged only 10 years old ascends to the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan

1279: Five emissaries dispatched by Kublai Khan from the Mongol Yuan dynasty are beheaded by Japan

1563: League of High Nobles routes King Philip II

1566: Great Britain executes Agnes Waterhouse, the first British woman convicted of witchcraft in Chelmsford, England

1567: James VI is crowned King of Scots at Stirling

1588: The Battle of Gravelines - Spanish Armada damaged and scattered by the English fleet

1609: Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs at Ticonderoga, New York setting the stage for French-Iroquois conflicts for the next 150 years

1676: Nathaniel Bacon declared a rebel for assembling frontiersmen to protect settlers from Indians

1715: 10 Spanish treasure galleons sunk off Florida coast by a hurricane

1786: 1st newspaper published west of Alleghanies, Pitts Gazette

1794: African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia, dedicated

1835: 1st sugar plantation in Hawaii begins

1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

1848: Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt - an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule put down by police

1864: Battle of Macon, Georgia (Stoneman’s Raid)

1864: American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C.

1874: Major Walter Copton Wingfield patents a portable tennis court

1899: 1st motorcycle race, Manhattan Beach, NY

1905: US Secretary of War William Howard Taft makes secret agreement with Japanese Prime Minister Katsura agreeing to Japanese free rein in Korea in return for non-interference with the US in the Philippines

1907: Sir Robert Baden-Powell forms Boy Scouts in England

1914: 1st transcontinental phone link made between New York City and San Francisco

1914: Austrian-Hungary bombs Belgrade

1914: In response to Austria’s declaration of war on Serbia, Russian diplomats and general urge general mobilization, but the Tsar calls for partial mobilization

1920: 1st transcontinental airmail flight from New York to San Francisco

1920: Mexican rebel Pancho Villa surrenders

1921: Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party

1922: Greek troops defeat Turkish forces and are on their way to Constantinople, but the Allies forbid them taking the city

1932: Great Depression: in Washington, D.C., U.S. troops disperse the last of the “Bonus Army” of World War I veterans

1944: Allied air force bomb Germany for 6 hours

1954: Publication of “Fellowship of the Ring” 1st volume of “Lord of the Rings” by J. R. R. Tolkien published by 1957

1957: Jack Paar’s The Tonight show premieres

1959: First United States Congress elections in Hawaii as a state of the Union.

1966: Bob Dylan hurt in motorcycle accident near Woodstock, New York

1988: Gorbachev pushes plan electing president and parliament in March, 1989

1988: Judge orders NASA to release unedited tape from Challenger cockpit

2005: Astronomers announce their discovery of dwarf planet Eris

2009: Temperature reaches 103°F in Seattle, Washington, the hottest day on record [1]